Komparativna obilježja ikona Bogorodice na Istoku i Marijinih sakralnih slika na Zapadu

master's thesis

• Title (english): Comparative characteristics of the Virgin icon in the East and Mary's sacred images in the West
• Author: Ana-Ivana Banaj
• Mentor: Juro Zečević-Božić (mentor)
• Mentor: Ivan Pleše (komentor)
• Committee member: Nikola Vranješ (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Juro Zečević-Božić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ivan Pleše (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Iva Mršić Felbar (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Catholic Faculty of Theology; (Department of Ecumenical Theology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-09-17, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: HUMANISTIC SCIENCES; Theology; Ecumenical Theology

Abstract

Rad na samom početku daje uvid u trinaest tipova ikona Bogorodice na istoku. Tip ikone Kyriotissa prikazuje Bogorodicu kao Prijestolje Mudrosti. Bogorodica Nikopoia je zaštitnica prikazana u carskom ruhu. Tip Orans prikazuje Bogorodicu u molitvenom stavu. Bogorodica Platytera u svojoj utrobi nosi Isusa kojega ni cijela nebesa ne mogu obuhvatiti. Tip ikone Hodegitria prikazuje Bogorodicu koja pokazuje na Isusa koji je put k spasenju. Tipovi Eleusa ili Glykophilousa je nježni tip u kojem je važna interakcija Bogorodice i Djeteta Isusa. Bogorodica Episkepsis poznata je po svojem plaštu s kojim pokriva i zaštićuje ljude. Ikona Brephocratousa je u službi objave Trojstva. Bogorodica Galaktotrophousa doji Dijete Krista. Tip ikone Trenodouse prikazuje žalosnu Bogorodicu. Još jedan nježni i majčinski tip je Bogorodica Prekrasna. Bogorodica Hagiasotorissa je u ulozi zagovornice i moliteljice. Posljednji navedeni tip ikone Bogorodice je Deisis u čijoj kompoziciji se uz Mariju nalazi Ivan Krstitelj te oni zajedno mole i zagovaraju za narod.
Nadalje, u drugom poglavlju prikazano je jedanaest tipova slika Marije na zapadu. Zapadni tip Galaktotrophousa koja doji Krista. Zatim, Bogorodica od sedam žalosti sa sedam mačeva zabodenih u srcu. Tip slike Blažene Djevice Marije Majke boli koja je podno križa zagledana u raspetoga. Bogorodica sućutna koja u rukama drži mrtvoga Krista. Zapadni tip Bogorodice Trenodouse sa raspelom u rukama. Bogorodica Zaštitnica poznata po svojem plaštu. Tip slike Ruža otajstvena na kojoj Marija i Isus sjede u cvjetnom vrtu. Bogorodica s klasjem koja je simbol djevičanskoga materinstva. Bogorodica od svetog ružarija koja prosljeđuje krunicu svetcima. Na kraju su prikazana dva tipa nastala zbog pobožnosti prilikom ukazanja, a riječ je o Gospi Fatimskoj i Gospi Lurdskoj.
Slike i ikone Bogorodice imaju veliku važnost za duhovnost i život vjernika. Ikone se na istoku prikazuju po već ustaljenim modelima tj. kanonima jer se tako zadržava istinitost i razumijevanje. Kod slika na zapadu ipak ima odstupanja i dozvoljava se unos emocija i doživljaja od strane autora. Radi razumijevanja konteksta slika koriste se razni ikonografski simboli. Nastanak ikona i slika je pod utjecajem raznih teoloških promišljanja crkve tijekom stoljeća. Unatoč razlikama, postoje brojni aspekti preko kojih bi ikone istoka i slike zapada bile dobar temelj za ekumenski dijalog.

Abstract (english)

The paper at the very beginning gives an insight into thirteen types of icons of the Mother of God in the East. The Kyriotiss icon type depicts the Virgin as the Throne of Wisdom. The Mother of God Nikopoia is the patron saint depicted in imperial garb. The Orans type shows the Virgin in a prayer position. The Virgin of Platytera carries Jesus in her womb, whom not even the whole heavens can encompass. The Hodegitria icon type shows the Virgin Mary pointing to Jesus, who is the way to salvation. The Eleus or Glykophilous type is gentle type in which the interaction of the Mother of God and the Child Jesus is important. The Virgin Episkepsis is known for her mantle with which she covers and protects people. The icon of Brephocratous is at the service of revealing the Trinity. The Virgin Galaktotrophousa is nursing the Christ Child. The Trenodouse icon type depicts the mournful Virgin. Another gentle and motherly type is the Beautiful Virgin. The Virgin Hagiasotorissa is in the role of intercessor and supplicant. The last mentioned type of icon of the Virgin is Deisis, in which John the Baptist is next to Mary and together they pray and intercede for the people.
Furthermore, in the second chapter, eleven types of images of Mary in the west are presented. Western type of Galactotrophous nursing Christ. The Virgin of seven sorrows with seven swords stuck in her heart. The type of image of the Mother of Sorrows, who is looking at the Crucified One at the foot of the cross. The compassionate Virgin holding the dead Christ in her hands. Western type of the Virgin of Trenodous with a crucifix in her hands. The Mother of God, the Protector, known for her mantle. Type of painting The mysterious rose, in which Mary and Jesus are sitting in a flower garden. The Virgin with an ear of wheat, which is a symbol of virgin motherhood. The Virgin of the Holy Rosary passing the rosary to the saints. At the end, two types are shown that were created due to devotion during the apparitions, and we are talking about Our Lady of Fatima and Our Lady of Lourdes.
Images and icons of the Mother of God are of great importance for the spirituality and life of believers. In the East, icons are shown according to already established models, i.e. canons, because this way truth and understanding are preserved. In the case of Western paintings, there are still deviations and the input of emotions and experiences by the author is allowed. But in order to understand the context of the images, various iconographic symbols are used. The creation of icons and pictures is influenced by various theological reflections of the church over the centuries. Despite the differences, there are many aspects through which the icons of the East and the images of the West would be a good basis for ecumenical dialogue.

• Keywords: Tip ikone Bogorodice na istoku; Tip slike Blažene Djevice Marije na zapadu; kanoni; ikonografski simboli; ekumenizam
• Keywords (english): Icon type of the Mother of God in the East; Image Type of the Blessed Virgin Mary in the West; canons; iconographic symbols; ecumenism
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:222:377325
• Study programme: Title: Philosophical-Theological Studies; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/ magistra teologije (magistar/ magistra teologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2024-09-24 11:48:40