Tijek nastanka posinodalne apostolske pobudnice Amoris laetitia – Radost ljubavi s obzirom na pitanje o pripuštanju sakramentima rastavljenih i ponovno civilno vjenčanih

disertacija

• Naslov (engleski): The Progress of the Formation of the Post-synodal Exhortation Amoris Laetitia – The Joy of Love with Regard to the Question of Admission to the Sacraments of Divorced and Civilly Remarried
• Autor: Mario Preden
• Mentor: Tonči Matulić (mentor)
• Član povjerenstva: Mislav Kutleša (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Član povjerenstva: Martina Begić (član povjerenstva)
• Ustanova koja je dodijelila akademski / stručni stupanj: Sveučilište u Zagrebu; Katolički bogoslovni fakultet; (Katedra moralne teologije); Zagreb
• Datum i država obrane: 2021-11-09, Hrvatska
• Znanstveno / umjetničko područje, polje i grana: HUMANISTIČKE ZNANOSTI; Teologija; Moralna teologija
• Univerzalna decimalna klasifikacija (UDC): 272 - Rimokatolička crkva
• Predmetni sustav (NSK Kontrolirani rječnik): Moralna teologija; moral theology

Sažetak

Ovaj rad analizirao je crkvene dokumenate, teološke radove i službene nagovore koji su u bitnome utjecali na nastanak apostolske pobudnice Amoris laetitia. Premda sa nerazrješivost ženidbe ne dovodi u pitanje u Tradiciji Crkve, Origen i Bazilije priznaju praksu lokalnih Crkava koje su tolerirale drugu ženidbu za života prvog supružnika uz mogućnost pričesti u određenim okolnostima iako su svjesni da je to u suprotnosti sa Svetim pismom. Crkveni sabori ne dopuštaju drugu ženidbu za života supružnika, no sinode u Verberieu i Compiègneu od druge polovice 8. st. to dozvoljavaju u slučaju preljuba i nemoralnih radnji, uz poziv na apstinenciju i nedužnoj strani. Tridentski sabor (1563.) je potvrdio prethodne sabore (Lyion i Firenca) o tome da nije dozvoljeno u isto vrijeme imati više žena. Pravoslavne Crkve načelom oikonomije dopuštaju drugu ženidbu jer se razvod temelji na moralnoj a ne samo fizičkoj smrti bračne veze. Kardinal Walter Kasper predložio je za današnje vrijeme tumačenje Josepha Ratzingera glede pričesti rastavljenih i civilno vjenčanih koje je nadahnuto Bazilijevim stajalištem i čiji se opis uvjeta i okolnosti u bitnome nalazi u Amoris laetitia. Instrumentum laboris (2014.) izvještava da „među svećenstvom prevladava tendencija da se problem riješi jednostavnim udovoljavanjem zahtjevu za pristup sakramentima.“ Neki sinodski oci su se izjasnili za mogućnost pripuštanja sakramentima pod točno određenim uvjetima u Relatio synodi (2014.). Veritatis splendor u broju 81 kaže da „okolnosti ili nakane nikada neće moći jedan čin po svojem predmetu unutarnje nečastan pretvoriti u 'subjektivno' častan čin ili čin koji se može braniti kao izbor“, no primjer Kongregacije za nauk vjere u Deklaraciji o eutanaziji (1980.) govori za „narav ubojničkog čina koji je po sebi uvijek nedopustiv“ (što znači da je čin: u sebi zao ili intrinsece malum) da „zbog produljenih ili nepodnošljivih bolova, zbog motiva čuvstvenog reda ili zbog raznih drugih razloga (...) osobna odgovornost i može biti smanjena ili čak posve uklonjena“. Amoris laetitia u broju 302 kaže da „negativan sud o objektivnoj situaciji ne uključuje sud o ubrojivosti ili krivnji dotične osobe.“ Odgovor na pitanje dozvole pripuštanja sakramentima rastavljenih i ponovno civilno vjenčanih nije izrijekom naveden u glavnom tekstu Amoris laetitia, već papa Franjo u broju 305, govoreći onima „koji žive u 'neredovitim situacijama'“, kaže da „zbog uvjetovanosti i olakotnih čimbenika, moguće je da u objektivnoj situaciji grijeha – u kojoj ne postoji uopće ili dijelom subjektivna krivnja – osoba može“ primiti „pomoć Crkve“ koja je objašnjena u bilješci 351 kao „pomoć sakramenata“, gdje se još spominje „ispovjedaonica“ i „euharistija“.

Sažetak (engleski)

This thesis has analysed ecclesiastical documents, theological thesis and official lecture which had a big influence on the making of the apostolic exhortation Amoris laetitia. Even though the indissolubility of marriage is unquestionable in the Church's tradition, Origen and Basil accepted that local churches have tolerated a second marriage during the first spouse's lifetime with the possibility of communion under specific circumstances while being aware that it is opposed to the Holy Scripture. Church councils do not allow a second marriage during the first spouse's lifetime, but synods in Verberie and Compiègne have allowed it since the second half of the 8th century in case of infidelity and immoral acts with an appeal to abstinence of the innocent spouse. The Council of Trent (1563) approved of previous councils (Lyion and Florence) when it comes to not being allowed to have more wives at the same time. Orthodox churches allow a second marriage by the principle of oikonomia due to the fact that divorce is not only based on physical, but also on moral death of the union. Cardinal Walter Kasper proposed Joseph Ratzinger's interpretation regarding the communion of divorced and civilly married people which is inspired by Basil's point of view and whose description of the conditions and circumstances can be found in Amoris laetitia. Instrumentum laboris (2014) reports that ''the prevailing tendency among some of the clergy is to resolve the issue by simply complying with the request for access to the sacraments''. Some synod fathers spoke about the possibility of receiving sacraments under precisely specified circumstances in Relatio synodi (2014) which preceded Amoris laetitia. Veritatis splendor in number 81 states that ''circumstances or intentions can never transform an act intrinsically evil by virtue of its object into an act 'subjectively' good or defensible as a choice'', but the example of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith in Declaration on Euthanasia (1980) states that ''the nature of this act of killing, which will always be in itself something to be rejected'' (which means that the act is: in itself evil or intrinsece malum) and that ''by reason of prolonged and barely tolerable pain, for deeply personal or other reasons (...) the guilt of the individual may be reduced or completely absent''. Amoris laetitia in number 302 states that ''a negative judgment about an objective situation does not imply a judgment about the imputability or culpability of the person involved''. There are distinguishing mitigating circumstances regarding the second marriage between divorced people according to number 298 Amoris laetitia (a second union consolidated over time, with new children, proven fidelity, generous self giving, Christian commitment, a consciousness of its irregularity and of the great difficulty of going back without feeling in conscience that one would fall into new sins).
Amoris laetitia in number 300 issues a examination of conscience (The divorced and remarried should ask themselves: how did they act towards their children when the conjugal union entered into crisis; whether or not they made attempts at reconciliation; what has become of the abandoned party; what consequences the new relationship has on the rest of the family and the community of the faithful; and what example is being set for young people who are preparing for marriage.) Number 300 Amoris laetitia, which talks about the divorced and civilly married, states points of view in favour of avoiding double moral standard and the danger of misunderstanding in case of which every priest can arrange sacramental benefits: responsible personal and pastoral discernment of particular cases in order to recognise the level of responsibility which is different for each case because the consequences or the impacts of some rule do not always necessarily need to be the same. This is also the case with regard to sacramental discipline, since discernment can recognize that in a particular situation no grave fault exists (cf. Evangelii Gaudium, no. 44 and 47). Priests have the duty to accompany the divorced and remarried in helping them to understand their situation according to the teaching of the Church and the guidelines of the bishop because of the examination of conscience concerning the spouse and children from the sacramental marriage and new civil marriage. Observing and distinguishing while talking with the priest in foro interno helps them to become aware of their new state in front of God and to make the right judgement about obstacles to more complete involvement in the life of the Church. The answer to the question of divorced and civilly married people receiving sacraments is not clearly indicated in the main text Amoris laetitia, yet Pope Francis states that at number 305 by saying that ''because of forms of conditioning and mitigating factors, it is possible that in an objective situation of sin – which may not be subjectively culpable, or fully such – a person can'' receive ''the Church’s help'' which is explained in the note 351 as ''the help of the sacrament'' where ''the confessional'' and ''the Eucharist'' are also mentioned.

• Ključne riječi: papa Franjo; Amoris laetitia; Biskupska sinoda; nerazrješivost ženidbe; rastavljeni i ponovno civilno vjenčani; primanje sakramenata ispovijedi i euharistije; Walter Kasper; Origen; Bazilije; Augustin; Joseph Ratzinger
• Ključne riječi (engleski): Pope Francis; Amoris laetitia; Synod of Bishops; indissolubility of marriage; divorced and civilly remarried; receiving the sacraments of confession and the Eucharist; Walter Kasper; Origen; Basil; Augustine; Joseph Ratzinger
• Jezik: hrvatski
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:222:092674
• Datum promocije: 2022-03-11
• Studijski program: Naziv: Licencijatski i doktorski studij teologije; Vrsta studija: sveučilišni; Stupanj studija: poslijediplomski doktorski; Akademski / stručni naziv: magistar/magistra teoloških znanosti (licenc) / doktor/doktorica znanosti, područje humanističkih znanosti, polje teologija (lic.theol./dr. sc.)
• URL zapisa u katalogu: https://kbf-test.zaki.com.hr/pagesResults/bibliografskiZapis.aspx?¤tPage=1&searchById=10&sort=0&age=0&fid0=1&fv0=Preden%2c+Mario&spid0=10&spv0=preden&mdid0=0&vzid0=0&selectedId=1199001824
• Vrsta resursa: Tekst
• Opseg: 139 str.; 30 cm
• Način izrade datoteke: Izvorno digitalna
• Prava pristupa: Otvoreni pristup
• Datum i vrijeme pohrane: 2022-02-01 14:51:11